Comparison on Training Mode of Graduate Education between France and China

France and China both are of typical power centralization with similar political management systems, and there are same and different aspects existing in higher education. so comparison between the two countries is meaningful. Curriculum provision, innovation ability cultivating and training mode are compared between France and China. Development trend of graduate education is also presented. Some enlightenment may be obtained to improve Chinese higher education level further

Bacteria Movement Near Surfaces

Understanding the behaviors of bacteria near surfaces is crucial in many biological and ecological applications. This knowledge can be used to hinder undesired biofilm formation on medical instruments and wounds. On top of that, it could also provide further insights in biodegradation of dispersed oil. In this work, the behavior of Escherichia Coli near a surface was experimentally studied. We utilized an inverted microscope in the phase filed illumination mode and processed acquired images to track the motions of bacteria near surfaces with high accuracy and repeatability. Distribution of the cells when they reached a steady state shows that the number of bacteria near solid surfaces increases, which is consistent with previous studies

An Equilibrium Bid Markup Strategy

Setting a bid markup strategy is a very difficult task. Nevertheless, it is important to construction firms or consulting engineering companies because the development of successful bidding strategies is a key factor to their survival in business. Based on the two bidding criteria of the conditional profit ratio and the work force continuity, this short paper first presents the explicit expression of an equilibrium bid markup strategy in procurement auctions. However, the two bidding criteria conflict with each other and tradeoffs must be made. To make tradeoffs between the two bidding criteria, a new bid markup selection making model is then developed by Cobb-Douglas utility function. The model generalizes the classical expected profit model in the sense that the latter's objective function is only a special case of the former. The result shows that the relative importance of a bidding criterion to another has significant effect on the selection of the equilibrium bid markup strategyThis work was supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71001097 and 71171052) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 201104167)S

Preparation and adsorbing sodium borohydride of porous hollow capsules

AbstractSodium borohydride, a solid material, has great attractive for its hydrogen storage and preparation properties. The solubility of sodium borohydride in water is up to 35% at room temperature. It can react with water for generating hydrogen. The merits of this reaction include high purity, mild reaction conditions and the high theoretical density of hydrogen generation. Complete hydrolysis of sodium borohydride can produce hydrogen and sodium metaborate, which can be recovered by advanced technology for sodium borohydride recycling. Porous hollow capsules containing nickel boride were prepared and used as storage and reaction space for sodium borohydride. The influences of the concentration of polymer solution, the ratio of the coagulation bath, the concentration and temperature on the porous structure of hollow capsule were investigated. The adsorption of porous hollow capsule was influenced and optimized by soaking time, adsorption conditions, the drying temperature and time. The best conditions of preparation of porous hollow capsule are: 15 wt% PVDF into capsule system configuration, with adding 15wt % attapulgite or 5 wt% PVP. The adsorption amount is up to 36%. The preparation method of porous hollow capsule is simple and easy to operate, low energy consumption, simple process only including dissolving, mixing, molding, adsorption and drying. The structure of porous hollow is stable and easy to storage and use. Hydrogen can be simple to release when mixed the adsorbed capsules with water

Enzymatic Synthesis of Functional Structured Lipids from Glycerol and Naturally Phenolic Antioxidants

Glycerol is a valuable by-product in biodiesel production by transesterification, hydrolysis reaction, and soap manufacturing by saponification. The conversion of glycerol into value-added products has attracted growing interest due to the dramatic growth of the biodiesel industry in recent years. Especially, phenolic structured lipids have been widely studied due to their influence on food quality, which have antioxidant properties for the lipid food preservation. Actually, they are triacylglycerols that have been modified with phenolic acids to change their positional distribution in glycerol backbone by enzymatically catalyzed reactions. Due to lipases’ fatty acid selectivity and regiospecificity, lipase-catalyzed reactions have been promoted for offering the advantage of greater control over the positional distribution of fatty acids in glycerol backbone. Moreover, microreactors were applied in a wide range of enzymatic applications. Nowadays, phenolic structured lipids have attracted attention for their applications in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, which definitely provide attributes that consumers will find valuable. Therefore, it is important that further research be conducted that will allow for better understanding and more control over the various esterification/transesterification processes and reduction in costs associated with large-scale production of the bioconversion of glycerol. The investigated approach is a promising and environmentally safe route for value-added products from glycerol